The Contribution of Ambrose Jessup Tomlinson to Classical Pentecostalism

Abstract

The historiography of Pentecostalism customarily identifies Charles Parham and William Seymour as first-generation founders. Parham and Seymour are unquestionably central to the debut of Pentecostalism in North America in the early twentieth century. However, the development of the Pentecostal phenomenon into the entity of Classical Pentecostalism is complex and involves a myriad of leaders. Ambrose Jessup Tomlinson, though a less recognized leader than either Parham or Seymour, is nonetheless a significant leader who contributed to the growth and development of Classical Pentecostalism during its first four decades. Research and analysis indicate that Tomlinson’s influence was evident not only in the founding of two Classical Pentecostal denominations—the Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee) and the Church of God of Prophecy—but also in education, a pragmatic pacifism, global missions, and race relations.

Chapter 1 establishes the purpose, thesis, and value of the dissertation while acquainting readers with A. J. Tomlinson. Chapter 2 surveys the three main streams of Pentecostalism: Classical Pentecostalism, the charismatic renewal, and neo-Pentecostalism (a.k.a. third wave). The primary focus, however, is on the development and nuances of Classical Pentecostalism. Chapter 3 provides a brief biography of A. J. Tomlinson. Chapter 4 examines Pentecostalism’s appeal to the disenfranchised and marginalized people groups. Tomlinson’s tendency to take his message to the marginalized is explored. Chapter 5 surveys the evolution of Pentecostalism from a sect to a movement with greater respectability. Chapter 6 explores and analyzes the contribution of Tomlinson to the greater Classical Pentecostal movement. The analysis shows that Tomlinson’s contributions had both positive and negative outcomes. Chapter 7 provides conclusions and proffers topics for future research concerning A. J. Tomlinson.